Deprecated: Hook custom_css_loaded is deprecated since version jetpack-13.5! Use WordPress Custom CSS instead. Jetpack no longer supports Custom CSS. Read the WordPress.org documentation to learn how to apply custom styles to your site: https://wordpress.org/documentation/article/styles-overview/#applying-custom-css in /srv/www/srvfail.com/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6078 password Archives ⋆ SysAdminStuff
Here are the steps to reset root password on FreeBSD 11.
Boot the system, and wait till you get to the Welcome to FreeBSD boot menu.
Once you are there, press 2 to boot the system to single user mode.
Wait till the server shows a following message: “When prompted Enter full path name of shell or RETURN for /bin/sh:”, and then press Enter key to complete the boot process to single user mode.
You will now be presented with console input.
In the console type following commands:
mount -u /
mount -a
Now you can use passwd command to change root user password, by typing in the new password when asked, and they retyping it on second prompt.
Once you have set a new password, reboot the server, and log in with the new password.
If you have forgotten root user password on your CentOS 6 machine, you can reset the password to new value, without knowing the old one, by booting the machine to single user mode, and resetting the password with passwd command.
Boot to single user mode
During the CentOS boot process, you will be presented with a countdown before CentOS boot process actually begins to load the OS.
Press any key to enter the GNU GRUB menu.
CentOS boot countdown
On the GNU GRUB menu highlight the kernel you want to boot, and press ‘e’ key to edit the kernel commands before booting.
CentOS 6 kernel select
Once you have entered the kernel edit mode, find the line beginning with kernel, and highlight it, and press ‘e’ key to edit it.
Edit kernel line
On the end of the line add the word ‘single’, with white space before ‘single’, and press ENTER to accept the change.
Add single to then end of the kernel line
Boot the machine with the edited kernel argument, and you will be logged in as root in single user mode.
Now just issue passwd command, and enter the new password two times, when asked.
Change password with passwd command
Once you have changed the password, reboot the machine, and log to it with your new root password.
If you have forgotten your root user password for your Debian system, you can reset the password to new value, without entering the old one, by going into grub and editing the commands before booting the system.
Edit GRUB before Debian boot
During you machine boot process, you should be presented with GNU GRUB screen with countdown, before the default boot option is activated.
Press any key during the countdown period stop the boot process, and then press e key to edit the commands before booting.
Debian 8 boot menu
One you have entered into editing mode, find the line starting with linux, followed by /boot/vmlinuz-*, and containing section with root=UUID=.
Line should be towards the end, usually two lines before the final line.
On the end of that line, in most case after ro quiet, add one of the following two: init=/bin/bash or init=/bin/sh, as shown on picture below.
Edit kernel line
After you have added the init value, press Ctrl+x or F10 key to boot the with the selected options.
Debian should now boot to single user mode, with the root filesystem mounted in read-only mode.
You need to remount it to read-write mode with the following command: mount -n -o remount,rw /.
After that you can use passwd command to change the root password to a new value.
Change root password with passwd
Type passwd to be asked for a new password, and then reenter the new password again, once asked to retype it, and you should then be presented with following message:
passwd: password updated successfully
You can now reboot your machine, and use the new root password on your system.
Alternative method
If this method is not working for your, you can try to boot the system from a LiveCD, and then mount the partition holding your /etc, and edit the shadow file.
In the shadow file, find the line starting with root:, and change the hashed password between “root:” and next “:” to just “!”.
Shadow file should initially look something like this:
If you ever need to provide a password for SSH login inside a bash script or a shell command, to avoid being asked a password when SSH keys are not used, it can be done with usage of expect command, or sshpass utility.
Using expect
Expect is a program that “talks” to other interactive programs according to a script.
Lets say you want to SSH to a server and run a remote command, ls for instance, with a command like this:
ssh user@server "ls -lh file"
If you are not using SSH keys, you will be prompted a password, and will need to enter it manually.
If you want to avoid entering a password, and have it inputted to login prompt automatically you can use expect command.
Provide SSH password inside a script.
Expect reads cmdfile for a list of commands to execute. Expect may also be invoked implicitly on systems which support the #! notation by marking the script executable, and making the first line in your script: #!/usr/local/bin/expect -f
Example of a script which runs a remote command over SSH, with password being provided inside a script.
Running a SSH command with provided password inside a one-liner, can be done using expect -c and then putting the commands inside single quotes.
The -c flag prefaces a command to be executed before any in the script. The command should be quoted to prevent being broken up by the shell. This option may be used multiple times. Multiple commands may be executed with a single -c by separating them with semicolons.
SSH password prompt can also be bypassed by connecting with sshpass command, which is available in EPEL repo in CentOS
To install sshpass, first make sure you have EPEL repo on your server.
You can install EPEL with
yum -y install epel-release
Install sshpass with
yum -y install sshpass
You can then connect to remote server with sshpass using a command similar to this:
sshpass -p 'password' ssh user@server
If you have never connected to the server before, you will probably not get connected to remote server due to host key checking. To bypass host key checking use -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no option:
I had to use one of my virtual machines that I didn’t use for a while today, and of course I couldn’t remember the password I used for it, so I had to change it.
Here is how to reset a forgotten root password on Novell SUSE
This is a guide for Novell SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP3.
On the boot menu select the first option “SUSE Linux enterprise server” and press ‘e’ for edit.
SLES boot menu
On the second menu select the kernel option and press ‘e’ for edit.
Select kernel line
type init=/bin/bash (leave empty space at the begging), and press ‘Enter’ and then ‘b’ to boot with that option.
Add init=/bin/bash one the end of the line
The system will boot with the root user logged on, type passwd to change the password and input your new password, or just press ‘Enter’ for no password (blank password)
Use passwd to change root password
Reboot the server and log on with your new password.
